Cellular Energy

This category contains mitochondria-targeted peptides and cofactors that interact with the inner mitochondrial membrane and nuclear gene expression to support cellular bioenergetics and antioxidant defenses.

The products in this category focus on optimizing mitochondrial function and cellular energy production. SS-31 (Elamipretide) selectively binds cardiolipin on the inner mitochondrial membrane, stabilizing cristae architecture and restoring electron transport chain efficiency while preventing apoptosis initiation. MOTS-c acts as a mitochondrial hormone that translocates to the nucleus during metabolic stress to regulate adaptive gene expression and activate the AMPK pathway. Humanin provides cytoprotective effects via specific receptor complexes, and NAD+ serves as a critical cofactor for sirtuins and PARPs to replenish age-associated metabolic decline.